Today the city is populated by 310,790 people. It was founded in 1632 by Russian Cossacks (Russian military warriors). Yakutsk is the capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Less than one million of people populate the area of three million square kilometers.
Sakha Republic is the most sparsely populated region in Russia. Large buildings are built on concrete piles depth of 8 m.Ĭulture of Yakutia is very diverse and is formed by traditions and languages of the Sakha, Russian, indigenous minorities of the North, Evens, Evenks, Chukchi and Yukagir. In the capital of Yakutia, Yakutsk, permafrost layer reaches 350 m in depth. Yakutia is located entirely in the permafrost zone. Permafrost of Yakutia keeps many mysteries perfectly preserving ancient animal carcasses - mammoths, woolly rhinoceros, cave lions etc. Yakutia is a land of dense taiga wilderness and immense tundra zones, hundreds of thousands of large and small rivers and lakes, harsh mountain ranges and ice arctic regions, primeval nature, original culture and warm open people.
Almost all diamonds, all antimony and the one fourth part of gold of Russia are extracted here. The republic's share in mineral and resource potential of Russia makes: 82% of diamonds, 17% of gold, 61% of uranium, 82% of antimony, 5% of iron ores, 5% of coal, 28% of tin, and 8% of mercury. Yakutia, indeed, is one of the richest regions in the world in terms of natural resources. Because of the extreme cold he had frozen his hands, and he spilled all the wealth in this country. According to one ancient Siberian legend, God once was flying over Yakutia with a bag of 'earth treasures'. Yakutia is called 'the treasury' of Russia. The summer is short, dry and has relatively high temperatures, which can hit +40 C. The Pole of Cold is situated in the Oimyakon region, where the lowest temperature 71.2☌ was fixed. In winter the temperature drops to - 40 - 50 degrees by Celsius. In the conditions of sharp continental climate the range of air temperature changes is more that 100 degrees by Celsius.
Over 40% of its territory is beyond the Arctic Circle. The Republic of Sakha is not only the biggest but also the coldest land.
It is such a large area that there could be located seven European countries: Germany, France, Austria, Italy, Finland, Greece and Sweden. It occupies one-fifth of the territory of Russia. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest administrative and territorial subdivision in the world and accordingly, the largest part of the Russian Federation.
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